Sức khỏe cộng đồng · Writing Task 2: Cause / Effect

1. 1. A sedentary lifestyle ___ obesity.

   A. stems fromB. contributes toC. is contributed byD. results from

2. 2. Much stress at work ___ long working hours.

   A. gives rise toB. stems fromC. contributesD. triggers to

3. 3. Sleep deprivation has a detrimental effect ___ memory.

   A. toB. forC. onD. in

4. 4. ___ a lack of exercise, many office workers have back pain.

   A. Owing toB. BecauseC. SinceD. So

5. 5. The question asks: 'What are the causes? What are the effects?' Which paragraph is NOT needed?

   A. a paragraph on causesB. a paragraph on effectsC. a paragraph on solutionsD. an introduction

1. 1. Fast food is one cause of obesity. (contributes to) → Fast food
2. 2. Stress is caused by long working hours. (stems from) → Stress
3. 3. Social media can lead to anxiety. (give rise to) → Social media can
4. 4. Smoking harms the lungs. (detrimental effect) → Smoking has

1. 1. Office work is a very job; you sit all day.
2. 2. Children should drink fewer drinks.
3. 3. The of alcohol has risen among young people.
4. 4. Children and the elderly are the most to air pollution.
5. 5. An ageing population places a heavy on young workers.
6. 6. Genetics is one , but lifestyle matters more.

This trend has serious (1) ___ for both individuals and society. For individuals, stress may give (2) ___ to sleep deprivation, which in turn has a detrimental effect (3) ___ concentration at work. For society, the effects are mainly economic: stressed employees take more sick days, (4) ___ reduces productivity and places a heavy burden (5) ___ the healthcare system.

Tối đa 1 từ mỗi chỗ trống.

1. 1. (1)
2. 2. (2)
3. 3. (3)
4. 4. (4)
5. 5. (5)

1. sedentary— chọn —involving a lot of sitting and little exerciseto be caused bysomething difficult that you have to deal withcausing harmeasily harmedto make something start suddenly
2. detrimental— chọn —involving a lot of sitting and little exerciseto be caused bysomething difficult that you have to deal withcausing harmeasily harmedto make something start suddenly
3. vulnerable— chọn —involving a lot of sitting and little exerciseto be caused bysomething difficult that you have to deal withcausing harmeasily harmedto make something start suddenly
4. burden— chọn —involving a lot of sitting and little exerciseto be caused bysomething difficult that you have to deal withcausing harmeasily harmedto make something start suddenly
5. stem from— chọn —involving a lot of sitting and little exerciseto be caused bysomething difficult that you have to deal withcausing harmeasily harmedto make something start suddenly
6. trigger— chọn —involving a lot of sitting and little exerciseto be caused bysomething difficult that you have to deal withcausing harmeasily harmedto make something start suddenly

1. 1. According to the doctor, what is the biggest factor?

   A. coffeeB. screen use late at nightC. noiseD. diet

2. 2. How much can phone light delay sleep?

   A. up to 10 minutesB. up to half an hourC. up to an hourD. up to two hours

3. 3. What does stress trigger?

   A. obesityB. insomniaC. accidentsD. headaches

4. 4. Which is a LONG-term effect mentioned?

   A. poor concentrationB. more accidentsC. heart diseaseD. late meetings

1. 1. The study says diet is a bigger factor than exercise.

   TF

2. 2. Children who drank sugary drinks daily were three times as likely to be overweight.

   TF

3. 3. The study found exercise did not matter at all.

   TF

4. 4. The researchers warn that childhood obesity may lead to diabetes.

   TF